Benjamin Bloom et al. (1956 ) published the following framework, which articulates hierarchical categories of educational objectives. This framework, updated in 2001, continues to inform the articulation of educational learning outcomes and learning task descriptions.

The following tables offer a list of verbs representing a hierarchy of learning levels from basic knowledge to the highest level of creativity. These verbs may also be considered beyond the realm of cognitive tasks in the domains of affective and psychomotor learning (Harrow, 1972; Karthwohl, 1964).

Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives

Level of thinking and Sample Actions

Level of thinking and Words for Outcomes

• Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001) A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing : A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.
• Bloom, B. S., and Krathwohl, D. R., et al. (1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. NY, NY: Longmans, Green
• Harrow, A. (1972) A Taxonomy of Psychomotor Domain: A Guide for Developing Behavioral Objectives. New York: David McKay.
• Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., & Masia, B. B. (1964) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, the Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. New York: David McKay Co.,